Egypt's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
2024 N2O Emissions Profile
Egypt's anthropogenic N2O emissions totalled around 22.8 megatonnes CO2e in 2024. Agriculture was largest at roughly 13.0 megatonnes CO2e, or 57.1%, and declined by about 0.19 megatonnes CO2e per year over the ten years to 2024. Industry contributed 5.1 megatonnes CO2e (22.3%) and was broadly stable. Waste, energy and other sources accounted for 8.8%, 6.0% and 5.7%, respectively, and each rose modestly.
Historic Agriculture Emissions
Agricultural emissions rose from around 0.2 megatonnes CO2e in 1851 to roughly 1.1 by 1930, then climbed more strongly to about 6.6 in 1981. They peaked at approximately 14.4 megatonnes CO2e in 2004, before easing overall. Emissions reached around 13.0 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Historic Energy Emissions
Energy emissions were minimal in the nineteenth century and remained below 0.1 megatonnes CO2e until the mid-1960s. They rose to around 0.4 megatonnes CO2e by 1991, then increased further, peaking at roughly 1.6 in 2012. They subsequently fell back somewhat, ending at around 1.4 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Historic Industry Emissions
Industrial emissions were near zero until the early 1930s, then rose to around 2.3 megatonnes CO2e by the late 1970s. They declined into the late 1980s and fell to about 1.2 in 1991 before recovering. Emissions peaked at roughly 5.1 megatonnes CO2e in 2010 and were around 5.1 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Historic Waste Emissions
Waste emissions rose steadily from around 0.03 megatonnes CO2e in 1851 to about 0.5 by the early 1970s. Growth continued through subsequent decades, reaching around 0.9 megatonnes CO2e in 1990. Emissions rose to their record high of approximately 2.0 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Historic Other Emissions
Other emissions started at around 0.06 megatonnes CO2e in 1851 and changed little until the late 1960s. They then increased to roughly 0.9 megatonnes CO2e by 2007 and about 1.2 by 2015. After a dip around 2020, emissions reached a peak of approximately 1.3 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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via DonorboxAbout the Data
National N2O emissions data through 2024 is from the PRIMAP-hist dataset, which combines several published sources into a historical emissions time series.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, J.; Busch, D.; Pflüger, M. (2025): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.7 (1750-2024). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.17090760