Guinea-Bissau's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
Agriculture Dominates The Picture
Guinea-Bissau's N2O emissions have been led by agriculture, accounting for nearly 90% of the total. After very low levels through the early 20th century, emissions leapt during the late 1940s to around 0.4 megatonnes, dipped in the late 1950s, then climbed steadily. From the 1960s to early 1990s the trend was gradual, and since the early 1990s agriculture has risen from roughly 0.5 to about 0.7 megatonnes, with modest year‑to‑year variation. Cumulatively, agriculture has contributed over 40 megatonnes, far outweighing all other sources.
Smaller Sectors, Subtle Shifts
Energy, other, and waste together remain far smaller than agriculture. Energy increased slowly from mid‑century, peaking around the late 2000s near 0.04 megatonnes before easing slightly. Other sources grew from the 1970s to the mid‑2000s to just under 0.1 megatonnes, then trended down. Waste stayed low but edged upward into the 2010s, reaching only the hundredths of a megatonne. Industry is negligible throughout.
Current Trajectory And Priorities
Today, the dominant driver-agriculture-is still on a gentle upward path, while other sources have been easing down since the mid‑2000s. To curb the warming impact, the priority is to slow and reverse the rise in agricultural emissions and sustain the recent declines in other sources.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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About the Data
The last available year in all the emission datasets is 2023. N2O emissions come from the PRIMAP-Hist dataset. It is a rich dataset that combines several published sources to create a historical emissions time series for various greenhouse gases.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6. Zenodo.