Mexico's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
Agriculture Sets The Pace
In Mexico, agriculture has dominated N2O emissions for decades, contributing roughly four-fifths of the total. After a slow build through the early 20th century, emissions surged from the mid-1940s to the mid-1980s, then shifted to a gentler rise. Since the late 1980s they have hovered around 30 megatonnes a year, at times reaching the mid-30s. Cumulatively, agriculture has added nearly 2,000 megatonnes to Mexico's N2O impact.
Energy And Other Ebb
Energy-related N2O climbed steadily from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, before easing downward; recent years sit around 2 to 3 megatonnes. The "other" category rose from the late 1960s to the early 2010s and has since trended lower toward roughly 2 megatonnes and below. Waste has inched upward over the long run to just over 2 megatonnes today, while industry remains a small share and has declined since the late 1990s. Together, non-agricultural sources are far smaller than agriculture.
Current Momentum And Priorities
Now, the dominant source - agriculture - appears broadly stable to slightly rising, while energy and other are on a gradual downward path. To bend Mexico's N2O curve, the biggest gains will come from reversing the slow upward drift in agriculture and sustaining faster declines in energy and other. Progress outside agriculture helps, but it will not be enough without a decisive shift in the largest sector.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
About the Data
The last available year in all the emission datasets is 2023. N2O emissions come from the PRIMAP-Hist dataset. It is a rich dataset that combines several published sources to create a historical emissions time series for various greenhouse gases.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6. Zenodo.