Poland's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
Agricultural Emissions Dominate
Throughout the decades, Poland's N2O emissions have been significantly influenced by agricultural activities. The data reveals that agriculture has consistently been the largest contributor to N2O emissions, particularly during the mid-20th century. This trend aligns with Poland's post-World War II reconstruction efforts, which saw a surge in agricultural productivity. Despite fluctuations, agriculture remains a dominant source of emissions, reflecting the sector's pivotal role in the country's economy.
Industrial and Energy Shifts
The industrial sector experienced notable changes, especially during the 1960s and 1970s, with emissions peaking due to industrial expansion. The establishment of major industrial facilities, such as the Nowa Huta steel mill, contributed to this rise. However, the transition to a market economy in 1989 led to a restructuring of industries, resulting in a temporary decrease in emissions. Similarly, the energy sector saw a significant increase in emissions during the 20th century, driven by the expansion of coal-based energy production.
Recent Efforts and Challenges
In recent years, Poland has made strides in reducing emissions through policy changes and international commitments, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. The adoption of renewable energy sources and the closure of coal mines have contributed to a gradual decline in emissions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 also played a role in temporarily reducing industrial activity and emissions. Despite these efforts, the challenge remains to sustain and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
About the Data
The last available year in all the emission datasets is 2023. N2O emissions come from the PRIMAP-Hist dataset. It is a rich dataset that combines several published sources to create a historical emissions time series for various greenhouse gases.
The Key Insights paragraph was generated using a large language model (LLM) using a structured approach to improve the accuracy. This included separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6. Zenodo.