Senegal's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
Agriculture Shapes The Long Arc
Over more than a century, Senegal's N2O emissions have been overwhelmingly agricultural, consistently accounting for over 90% of national N2O. From very low levels in the early record, emissions climbed, with a pronounced mid-century surge. Through the 1960s to mid-2010s, agriculture rose gradually, reaching around 4 megatonnes, before accelerating again.
Mid-Century Surge, Then Acceleration
In the 1940s, agricultural N2O jumped from well below 1 megatonne to nearly 3, followed by a short dip in the 1950s. From the late 1950s to the mid-2010s, the trend was steady and upward. Since the mid-2010s, growth has quickened again, bringing agriculture to around 5 megatonnes today-the highest on record.
Other Sources Remain Modest
Energy, waste, and other sources stayed very low through most of the 20th century and have edged up since the 2000s. Each now contributes only a few tenths of a megatonne per year, collectively far smaller than agriculture and not yet reshaping the national trajectory.
Current Trajectory And Priorities
The dominant source-agriculture-is on a rising path, especially since the mid-2010s. Bending this curve will largely determine Senegal's N2O outlook. Stabilizing, then reducing agricultural emissions is pivotal for lowering overall warming impact, while smaller sectors can provide supportive, but secondary, gains.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
About the Data
The last available year in all the emission datasets is 2023. N2O emissions come from the PRIMAP-Hist dataset. It is a rich dataset that combines several published sources to create a historical emissions time series for various greenhouse gases.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6. Zenodo.