Turkmenistan's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
2024 N2O Emissions Profile
In 2024, Turkmenistan's anthropogenic N2O emissions totalled about 7.2 megatonnes CO2e. Agriculture dominated, producing about 6.0 megatonnes CO2e, or 83.8%, and rose by around 0.09 megatonnes CO2e per year over the ten years to 2024. Industry contributed about 0.8 megatonnes CO2e (11.0%) and was broadly unchanged. Energy and Other each accounted for 1.9%, declining slightly, while Waste made up 1.4% and increased modestly.
Historic Agriculture Emissions
Agricultural emissions began at about 0.16 megatonnes CO2e in 1851 and rose gradually to around 1.0 megatonnes CO2e by 1959. They then increased to a peak of roughly 3.2 megatonnes CO2e in 1987, before falling sharply during the early 1990s. Emissions subsequently climbed strongly, reaching their record high of about 6.0 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Historic Energy Emissions
Energy emissions were negligible in the nineteenth century and remained very small into the early twentieth century. They rose unevenly thereafter, reaching about 0.10 megatonnes CO2e around 1990 before falling to roughly 0.05 in the mid-1990s. Emissions later increased to a peak of around 0.16 megatonnes CO2e in 2012, ending at about 0.14 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Historic Industry Emissions
Industry emissions started close to zero and remained minimal until the years after 1945, when they reached around 0.02 megatonnes CO2e. They rose overall through the following decades, although with fluctuations, and peaked at roughly 1.0 megatonnes CO2e in 2006. By 2024, industrial emissions stood at about 0.8 megatonnes CO2e.
Historic Waste Emissions
Waste emissions began at around 0.002 megatonnes CO2e in 1851 and increased gradually across the twentieth century, reaching roughly 0.05 megatonnes CO2e by 1991. Growth continued at a modest pace thereafter. Waste emissions reached their highest level, about 0.10 megatonnes CO2e, in 2024.
Historic Other Emissions
Other emissions began at about 0.02 megatonnes CO2e in 1851 and rose gradually through the mid-1960s. They increased further to around 0.15 megatonnes CO2e by 2013, after peaking at roughly 0.16 megatonnes CO2e in 2012. Emissions then edged down, ending at about 0.14 megatonnes CO2e in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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National N2O emissions data through 2024 is from the PRIMAP-hist dataset, which combines several published sources into a historical emissions time series.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, J.; Busch, D.; Pflüger, M. (2025): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.7 (1750-2024). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.17090760