Bangladesh's Sources of CO2 Emissions
Key Insights
2024 CO2 Emissions Profile
Bangladesh's CO2 emissions totalled around 113 megatonnes CO2e in 2024. Gas was the largest source, at roughly 56 megatonnes CO2 or 49.3%, followed by coal at 26 megatonnes CO2 (22.9%) and oil at nearly 25 megatonnes CO2 (21.9%). Land-use contributed around 5.2 megatonnes CO2 (4.6%), while other fossil sources added 1.4 megatonnes CO2 (1.3%). Over the ten years to 2024, coal rose fastest, by about 2.1 megatonnes CO2 per year; gas, oil, land-use and other fossil emissions also increased.
Historic Coal Emissions
Coal emissions remained low for much of the period before 2000, although they briefly reached about 1.2 megatonnes CO2 in the late 1990s. They then rose from around 0.2 megatonnes CO2 in 1999 to roughly 11 megatonnes CO2 in 2020, before accelerating sharply. Coal emissions reached their record high of around 26 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Oil Emissions
Oil emissions began at zero in the mid-1940s and increased gradually to around 5 megatonnes CO2 by the early 1990s. Growth continued through the 1990s and accelerated after 2008, reaching a peak of roughly 26 megatonnes CO2 in 2022. Emissions eased slightly thereafter, ending at about 25 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Gas Emissions
Gas emissions were negligible in the mid-1940s, rising slowly to under 1 megatonne CO2 by the late 1960s. They then climbed steadily, reaching around 19 megatonnes CO2 in 2001 before increasing rapidly to a peak of roughly 60 megatonnes CO2 in 2021. Gas emissions subsequently declined, ending at around 56 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Land-use Emissions
Land-use emissions were around 16 megatonnes CO2 in the early 1850s and varied at relatively high levels through the first half of the twentieth century. They rose to a peak of about 41 megatonnes CO2 in 1959, then fell sharply, reaching net negative emissions of around 2.6 megatonnes CO2 in 1976. They later fluctuated at lower levels and ended at roughly 5.2 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Other Fossil Emissions
Other fossil emissions were near zero until the 1960s and remained very small through the early 1990s, despite a brief rise to around 0.1 megatonnes CO2 in the late 1970s. They increased gradually from the 1990s, peaking at roughly 1.6 megatonnes CO2 in 2021. Emissions ended at around 1.4 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO2 emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO2 emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.
The sources of human CO2 emissions are
- CO2 From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
- CO2 From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Coal, oil and gas combustion
Fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.
Other fossil processes
Fossil CO2 emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.
Land-use change
Human civilization emits CO2 by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO2, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.
Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas EmissionsEarth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Units and Measures
CO2 emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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National CO2 emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.