Yemen's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
Long-Run Rise With Mid-Century Pause
Yemen's nitrous oxide emissions were low and steady through the early 20th century, then began climbing after the 1940s. Agriculture led a marked rise, easing slightly around the 1960s and 1970s before accelerating from the late 1970s to today. By the 2020s, agricultural emissions reached around 3 megatonnes, while industry grew from near zero mid-century to about 1.3 megatonnes, signaling a gradual but persistent expansion beyond traditional sources.
Agriculture Dominates The Profile
Agriculture makes up roughly three-quarters of Yemen's N2O emissions, with industry contributing around one-fifth. Waste has edged upward over time to only a few tenths of a megatonne, while energy and other sources remain small. Notably, energy-related N2O peaked in the mid-2000s and has since fallen to very low levels, and "other" sources have eased since around 2010-indicating limited influence on the national trend compared with agriculture and industry.
Current Trajectory And Priorities
The current trajectory is defined by rising emissions in agriculture and industry, the two dominant sources. Bending these upward trends will be essential for shifting Yemen's overall N2O pathway. Sustained attention to these sectors-where most of the climate impact originates-will determine whether national emissions stabilize or continue their gradual climb in the years ahead.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
About the Data
The last available year in all the emission datasets is 2023. N2O emissions come from the PRIMAP-Hist dataset. It is a rich dataset that combines several published sources to create a historical emissions time series for various greenhouse gases.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6. Zenodo.