Cabo Verde's Sources of N2O Emissions
Key Insights
Agriculture Dominates Long-Term Emissions
Cabo Verde's N2O profile is shaped mainly by agriculture, contributing about three-quarters of emissions. After very low levels early on, agriculture rose through the late 1980s and peaked in the early 1990s at around 0.07 megatonnes. Since then it has been broadly stable, hovering just above 0.05 megatonnes with modest year-to-year variation. This steady plateau defines the national trend more than any other source.
Non-Agricultural Sources Edge Upward
Energy, other, and waste remain much smaller than agriculture but have trended upward since the mid-1990s. Energy and other sources have each climbed from near-zero levels to roughly 0.01-0.015 megatonnes, while waste has inched up to around 0.007 megatonnes. These gradual increases add up over time but still leave total non-agricultural emissions well below the agricultural contribution. Industry is negligible throughout.
Keeping Momentum While Curbing Rises
Today, agriculture appears stable to slightly easing, while energy, other, and waste are slowly rising from a low base. Sustaining or deepening the gentle decline in agriculture would lock in the largest gains. At the same time, slowing and reversing the steady increases in energy, other, and waste is essential to avoid eroding that progress and to keep overall N2O emissions from drifting upward.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from human activities and processes, expressed as weight in megatonnes (Mt). Human-induced emissions are the main driver of the increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide that is warming our planet. The sources of human nitrous oxide emissions are
- Agriculture
- Energy
- Industry
- Waste
- Other
Agriculture
Emissions related to agriculture are mainly from the use of synthetic fertilizers and manure management.
Synthetic fertilizer, used for agricultural processes, contains a lot of nitrogen. That nitrogen in the soil reacts and causes considerable N2O emissions. The use of excess fertilizer, meaning more fertilizer than the plants can use to grow, causes even higher relative emissions. Applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time can reduce N2O emissions. There are many technical solutions to reduce emissions while keeping, or even increasing, agricultural yields.
When manure is left on the field or otherwise managed in dry processes, it emits considerable amounts of nitrous oxide. Manure can be managed by wet processes, which reduces nitrous oxide emissions but increases methane emissions. Some technical solutions focus on modifying the animal feed to reduce the nitrogen in the manure, thereby reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
Energy, Industry, Waste, and Other
All non-agricultural categories together have much lower emissions than agricultural emissions alone.
N2O emissions related to energy are almost all from the combustion of fossil fuels. For example, the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, cars, and airplanes not only causes CO2 emissions but also emits nitrous oxide (N2O). Any advances to reducing fossil fuel dependency will thus also reduce nitrous oxide emissions.
Most industry-related emissions are from the chemical industry for producing fertilizer, nylon, and similar products. Technologies are available to reduce emissions in these processes.
Nitrous oxide emissions from waste come from, for example, wastewater treatment and landfills.
Wikipedia: Nitrous oxideIPCC: AR6, 5.16 Anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
Units and Measures
N2O emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
About the Data
The last available year in all the emission datasets is 2023. N2O emissions come from the PRIMAP-Hist dataset. It is a rich dataset that combines several published sources to create a historical emissions time series for various greenhouse gases.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2024): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6. Zenodo.