🇲🇩 Republic of Moldova's Sources of CO₂ Emissions

Republic of Moldova's Sources of CO2 Emissions

Key Insights

2024 CO2 Emissions Profile

In 2024, Republic of Moldova's sources netted around 3.6 megatonnes CO2e. Oil was largest at 3.1 megatonnes CO2 (87%); gas, other fossil and coal contributed 1.4 (38%), 0.6 (16%) and 0.25 megatonnes CO2 (7%). Land-use removed 1.7 megatonnes CO2 (-48%). Oil dominated fossil emissions, while land-use offset them substantially. Over the ten years to 2024, annual changes were +3.5% for oil, +2.7% for other fossil, -4.7% for coal, -2.3% for gas, and a 3.4% weakening of land-use removals.

Historic Coal Emissions

Coal began near zero in 1855 and reached about 0.6 megatonnes CO2 by 1928. It rose to a 10.6 peak in 1986, then dropped to around 1.0 in 1997. It ended at 0.25 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.

Historic Oil Emissions

Oil began near zero in 1855, briefly peaking at 0.6 megatonnes CO2 in 1916 before returning to 0.3 by 1925. It rose to 23.4 in 1985, dropped to 2.8 by 1996, and recovered after a 2000 dip to 3.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.

Historic Gas Emissions

Gas was near zero in 1855 and below 0.5 megatonnes CO2 through 1959. It then rose to a 9.3 peak in 1989 before declining to 1.4 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.

Historic Land-use Emissions

Land-use emissions started at about 2.4 megatonnes CO2 in 1851 and declined to 1.4 by 1948. They peaked at 4.4 in 1958, then plunged to near zero by 1963 and became net removals. The sink subsequently deepened overall, ending at -1.7 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.

Historic Other Fossil Emissions

Other fossil emissions were near zero in 1855 and reached around 0.1 megatonnes CO2 by 1955. They rose to a 1.2 peak in 1989, then fell to 0.17 in 2000 before recovering to 0.58 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.

Background

The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO2 emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO2 emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.

The sources of human CO2 emissions are

  • CO2 From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
  • CO2 From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry

Coal, oil and gas combustion

Fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.

Other fossil processes

Fossil CO2 emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.

Land-use change

Human civilization emits CO2 by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO2, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.

Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Earth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO2 emissions

Units and Measures

CO2 emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.

Wikipedia: Megatonne
Wikipedia: Global warming potential

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About the Data

National CO2 emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.

The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.

Data Sources

Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.

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