Turkmenistan's Sources of CO2 Emissions
Key Insights
2024 CO2 Emissions Profile
Turkmenistan's CO2 emissions totalled around 87.7 megatonnes CO2e in 2024. Gas dominated, at roughly 62.4 megatonnes CO2 or 71.1%, followed by oil at about 15.3 megatonnes CO2, or 17.5%. Land-use contributed around 6.7 megatonnes CO2 (7.6%), other fossil sources 3.3 megatonnes CO2 (3.8%), and coal was effectively zero. Over the ten years to 2024, gas and land-use emissions increased, while oil and other fossil emissions declined; coal remained flat.
Historic Coal Emissions
Coal emissions began at around 0.003 megatonnes CO2 in the mid-1850s and rose slowly to roughly 0.3 megatonnes CO2 by the early 1930s. They then increased, despite some variation, to a peak of about 1.9 megatonnes CO2 in 1957. Emissions subsequently declined to zero in 1994 and remained effectively zero through 2024.
Historic Oil Emissions
Oil emissions were negligible in the nineteenth century, reaching roughly 2.5 megatonnes CO2 by the mid-1940s. They rose, with some interruption, to around 13.6 megatonnes CO2 in 1973. Emissions later fluctuated between about 8 and 20 megatonnes CO2, peaking near 20 megatonnes CO2 in 2014, before ending at around 15.3 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Gas Emissions
Gas emissions were near zero in the mid-1850s and remained low until reaching roughly 1.3 megatonnes CO2 in 1957. They then rose strongly to around 29.8 megatonnes CO2 by 2005, with faster growth thereafter. Emissions peaked at about 82.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2022 before falling back to around 62.4 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Land-use Emissions
Land-use emissions began at roughly 4 megatonnes CO2 in the early 1850s and rose gradually through the first half of the twentieth century. They climbed more sharply during the early 1950s, reaching around 14.5 megatonnes CO2 by 1955 and peaking near 17.6 megatonnes CO2 in 1959. They then generally declined, despite variation, to around 6.7 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Other Fossil Emissions
Other fossil emissions were close to zero until the late 1940s, then rose to around 0.8 megatonnes CO2 by 1991, after reaching about 1.1 megatonnes CO2 in 1978. They fell to roughly 0.4 megatonnes CO2 in 1993, then increased to a peak of around 5.5 megatonnes CO2 in 2012. They ended at about 3.3 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO2 emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO2 emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.
The sources of human CO2 emissions are
- CO2 From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
- CO2 From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Coal, oil and gas combustion
Fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.
Other fossil processes
Fossil CO2 emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.
Land-use change
Human civilization emits CO2 by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO2, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.
Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas EmissionsEarth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Units and Measures
CO2 emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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National CO2 emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.