Azerbaijan's Sources of CO2 Emissions
Key Insights
2024 CO2 Emissions Profile
Azerbaijan's CO2 emissions totalled around 41.7 megatonnes CO2e in 2024. Gas was the largest source, at roughly 25.1 megatonnes CO2 or 60.3%, followed by oil at around 13.2 megatonnes CO2 (31.6%). Land-use contributed about 1.9 megatonnes CO2 (4.5%), other fossil sources 1.5 megatonnes CO2 (3.6%), and coal 0.04 megatonnes CO2 (0.1%). Over the ten years to 2024, gas, oil, other fossil sources and coal increased, while land-use emissions declined.
Historic Coal Emissions
Coal emissions began at around 0.005 megatonnes CO2 in 1855 and remained very small until the early twentieth century. They rose through the mid-twentieth century to a peak of roughly 0.6 megatonnes CO2 in 1956, then declined to around 0.25 in 1991 and fell sharply thereafter. After fluctuating near zero, emissions ended at about 0.04 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Oil Emissions
Oil emissions began at zero in 1855 and were low but variable in the early record, reaching roughly 1.6 megatonnes CO2 in 1913. They rose strongly after the mid-1920s, peaking at about 31.2 megatonnes CO2 in 1992. Emissions then declined to around 9.2 in 2009 before partly recovering to approximately 13.2 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Gas Emissions
Gas emissions were near zero in 1855 and remained limited until the mid-twentieth century, reaching about 1 megatonne CO2 by 1953. They then rose rapidly to nearly 20 megatonnes CO2 in 1983 and peaked at roughly 27.8 in 1990. After falling to around 10.6 in 1998, gas emissions recovered and reached about 25.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Land-use Emissions
Land-use emissions began at around 2.7 megatonnes CO2 in 1851 and gradually fell to roughly 1.6 by 1949. They then climbed sharply to a peak of about 6.5 megatonnes CO2 in 1959, before declining to around 1.3 in 1969. Emissions subsequently fluctuated widely, including a low near 0.2 in 1989, and ended at approximately 1.9 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Other Fossil Emissions
Other fossil emissions began at zero in 1855 and remained negligible through the first half of the twentieth century. They increased from around 0.04 megatonnes CO2 in 1950 to a peak of roughly 2.3 in 1992, then dropped sharply to about 0.2 by 1994. After recovering unevenly, including a high near 1.8 in 2023, emissions ended at around 1.5 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO2 emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO2 emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.
The sources of human CO2 emissions are
- CO2 From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
- CO2 From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Coal, oil and gas combustion
Fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.
Other fossil processes
Fossil CO2 emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.
Land-use change
Human civilization emits CO2 by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO2, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.
Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas EmissionsEarth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Units and Measures
CO2 emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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National CO2 emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.