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Belarus' Sources of CO₂ Emissions

Name: Belarus' Sources of CO2 Emissions
Creator: Climate Change Tracker
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Key Insights

2024 CO₂ Emissions Profile

In 2024, Belarus's CO₂ emissions across these sources totalled around 60.6 megatonnes CO₂e. Gas was the largest source at roughly 30.6 megatonnes CO₂, or 50.5%, followed by oil at 18.5 megatonnes CO₂ (30.5%). Land-use emitted 4.8 megatonnes CO₂ (8.0%), coal 3.4 megatonnes CO₂ (5.7%), and other fossil sources 3.3 megatonnes CO₂ (5.4%). Over the ten years to 2024, emissions declined from gas, coal, land-use and other fossil sources, while oil rose slightly.

Historic Coal Emissions

Coal emissions began at around 0.01 megatonnes CO₂ in 1855 and remained small into the early twentieth century, though they briefly exceeded 1 megatonne in 1913. They grew strongly after the mid-1940s, peaking at roughly 11.1 megatonnes CO₂ in 1988. Emissions then fell sharply to around 3.2 megatonnes CO₂ in 2002 and fluctuated at lower levels, ending at about 3.4 megatonnes CO₂ in 2024.

Historic Oil Emissions

Oil emissions started from zero in 1855 and were still only around 1.2 megatonnes CO₂ by 1925. They rose rapidly from the 1950s, reaching a peak of roughly 94.9 megatonnes CO₂ in 1986. Emissions then dropped steeply to around 23.7 megatonnes CO₂ in 1997, before varying at much lower levels and ending at about 18.5 megatonnes CO₂ in 2024.

Historic Gas Emissions

Gas emissions were negligible through the nineteenth century and remained low until the late 1950s, reaching around 1.3 megatonnes CO₂ in 1958. They then expanded substantially, peaking at roughly 39.6 megatonnes CO₂ in 2010. Emissions subsequently declined, although they remained Belarus's largest source in 2024 at around 30.6 megatonnes CO₂.

Historic Land-use Emissions

Land-use emissions began at roughly 30.1 megatonnes CO₂ in 1851 and stayed near 30 megatonnes for much of the following century, peaking at around 32.8 megatonnes CO₂ in 1909. They declined over the second half of the twentieth century and fell to around 2.9 megatonnes CO₂ in 2002. After reaching roughly 9.4 megatonnes CO₂ in 2016, they fell to about 4.8 megatonnes CO₂ in 2024.

Historic Other Fossil Emissions

Other fossil emissions began from zero in 1855 and remained minimal until the mid-twentieth century, reaching around 0.14 megatonnes CO₂ in 1951. They rose thereafter and peaked at roughly 4.7 megatonnes CO₂ in 1990. Emissions later fluctuated around 3 to 4 megatonnes CO₂, ending at about 3.3 megatonnes CO₂ in 2024.

Background

The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO₂ emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO₂ emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.

The sources of human CO₂ emissions are

CO₂ From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
CO₂ From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry

Coal, oil and gas combustion

Fossil fuel CO₂ emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.

Other fossil processes

Fossil CO₂ emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.

Land-use change

Human civilization emits CO₂ by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO₂, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.

Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Earth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO₂ emissions

Units and Measures

CO₂ emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.

Wikipedia: Megatonne
Wikipedia: Global warming potential

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About the Data

National CO₂ emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.

The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.

Data Sources

Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.

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