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Philippines' Yearly Greenhouse Gas Emissions in CO₂ Equivalent

Name: Philippines' Yearly Greenhouse Gas Emissions in CO₂ Equivalent
Creator: Climate Change Tracker
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Key Insights

2024 Emissions Profile

In 2024, CO₂ was the largest component of the Philippines' emissions, at around 208 megatonnes CO₂ and 66% of the national total. It rose by about 3.9 megatonnes CO₂ per year, or 2.2%, over the ten years to 2024. Methane contributed around 79 megatonnes CO₂e (25%) and rose modestly; nitrous oxide reached around 18 megatonnes CO₂e (6%) and increased more quickly. F-gases were smallest, at around 8.4 megatonnes CO₂e (3%), but had the fastest proportional growth.

Historic Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Emissions

CO₂ emissions began at roughly 55 megatonnes CO₂ in 1851, fell to around 34 by the mid-1880s, then varied while rising overall into the 1930s. They dropped sharply to roughly 24 in 1948 before rebounding to about 153 by 1954. Emissions later fluctuated, peaking near 301 in 1976, then rose from around 103 in 2001 to approximately 208 megatonnes CO₂ in 2024.

Historic Methane (CH₄) Emissions

Methane emissions started at roughly 4.9 megatonnes CO₂e in 1851 and rose steadily to around 48 by the late 1960s. They then remained broadly stable near 50 through the early 1990s, before climbing again. Emissions peaked at around 79 megatonnes CO₂e in 2021 and were about 79 in 2024. Methane's warming contribution since 1851 was around 45% larger than its emissions alone suggest, because methane's short atmospheric lifetime amplifies the warming impact when CH₄ emissions are rising.

Historic Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Emissions

Nitrous oxide emissions were low in 1851, at around 0.4 megatonnes CO₂e, and rose gradually to nearly 2 by the late 1930s. Growth continued through the following decades, reaching around 7 by the mid-1980s and nearly 12 in 2013. The increase accelerated thereafter, reaching a record high of around 18.4 megatonnes CO₂e in 2024.

Historic Fluorinated Gases (F-gases) Emissions

F-gas emissions were negligible from 1851 through the early 1980s, reaching only around 0.1 megatonnes CO₂e in 1984. They rose to roughly 1 megatonne CO₂e by 2000, then increased much more rapidly after the turn of the century. Emissions reached their highest level, around 8.4 megatonnes CO₂e, in 2024.

Background

Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are the main drivers of human-induced warming. In the scientific literature, human-induced emissions are often referred to as anthropogenic emissions.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
Methane (CH₄)
Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
Fluorinated gases (F-gases)

Emissions from all different gases are expressed in CO₂-equivalent units to make it possible to compare the relative emissions from these different gases. CO₂-equivalents are calculated using the global warming potentials of the respective gases, in this case using a 100-year time horizon.

Wikipedia: Global Warming Potential

Total Historic Share

Crabon Dioxide (CO₂)

CO₂ includes emissions from fossil fuels and industry (FFI), and from land-use, land-use-change, and forestry (LULUCF).

Methane (CH₄)

Methane emissions are caused by human activities such as rearing livestock, agricultural practices, and fugitive fossil fuel emissions.

Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)

Common sources of these emissions are fossil fuel emissions and the agricultural use of synthetic fertilizer and manure.

Fluorinated Gases (F-gases)

Fluorinated gases are a group of gases defined by UNFCCC: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). Fluorinated gases are also known as halogenated gases.

Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas Emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1 5.2 Historical Trends, Variability and Budgets of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O

Units and Measures

CO₂-equivalent emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.

Wikipedia: Megatonne
Wikipedia: Global warming potential

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About the Data

National CO₂ emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change. Emissions data through 2024 for CH₄, N₂O and F-gases comes from the PRIMAP-hist dataset, which combines several published sources into historical emissions time series.

The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.

Data Sources

Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.

PRIMAP-hist The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024)
Update cycle: Every few monthsDelay: Less than 1 yearCredits: Gütschow, J.; Busch, D.; Pflüger, M. (2025): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.7 (1750-2024). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.17090760

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