Slovakia's Sources of CO2 Emissions
Key Insights
2024 CO2 Emissions Profile
In 2024, Slovakia's net CO2 emissions were around 10.7 megatonnes CO2. Oil was the largest gross source at about 10.1 megatonnes CO2, or 94.8% of net emissions, followed by gas at 8.7 megatonnes CO2 (81.6%) and coal at 8.2 megatonnes CO2 (77%). Land-use absorbed 18.4 megatonnes CO2, offsetting fossil emissions, while other fossil sources added 2.1 megatonnes CO2 (19.6%). Over the ten years to 2024, coal declined sharply, gas and other fossil sources edged down, oil was broadly stable, and land-use shifted strongly towards absorption.
Historic Coal Emissions
Coal emissions rose from about 0.07 megatonnes CO2 in 1860 to around 13 megatonnes CO2 by 1910, then grew strongly after the late 1940s. They peaked at roughly 36.7 megatonnes CO2 in 1971, before a long decline accelerated after the late 1970s. Emissions reached about 8.2 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Oil Emissions
Oil emissions were negligible until the mid-twentieth century, then rose rapidly from around 0.7 megatonnes CO2 in 1950 to a peak of roughly 17.4 megatonnes CO2 in 1977. They declined to about 8.1 megatonnes CO2 by 1996, then recovered modestly. Emissions were around 10.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Gas Emissions
Gas emissions remained near zero until after 1949, then increased steadily, reaching nearly 14 megatonnes CO2 by 1998. They peaked at roughly 14.5 megatonnes CO2 in 2001 and then declined overall, despite some variation. Gas emissions ended at about 8.7 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Land-use Emissions
Land-use emissions began at around 4.2 megatonnes CO2 in 1851 and varied at low positive levels for much of the twentieth century, briefly becoming a net sink in 1949. Emissions rose sharply after 2003, peaking at about 30.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2015. They then fell steeply, reaching net absorption of around 18.4 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Other Fossil Emissions
Other fossil emissions were negligible through the first half of the twentieth century, then rose from around 0.07 megatonnes CO2 in 1943. They peaked at roughly 3.0 megatonnes CO2 in 1999 and have since fluctuated near 2-3 megatonnes CO2. Emissions were about 2.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO2 emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO2 emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.
The sources of human CO2 emissions are
- CO2 From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
- CO2 From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Coal, oil and gas combustion
Fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.
Other fossil processes
Fossil CO2 emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.
Land-use change
Human civilization emits CO2 by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO2, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.
Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas EmissionsEarth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Units and Measures
CO2 emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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National CO2 emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.