Yemen's Sources of CO2 Emissions
Key Insights
2024 CO2 Emissions Profile
In 2024, Yemen's CO2 emissions totalled around 10 megatonnes CO2e. Oil dominated, at about 8.1 megatonnes CO2 (81%), followed by other fossil sources at roughly 1.5 megatonnes CO2 (15%) and coal at 0.5 megatonnes CO2 (5.1%). Gas contributed 0.04 megatonnes CO2 (0.4%), while land-use was a net removal of about 0.15 megatonnes CO2 (-1.5%). Over the ten years to 2024, oil and gas fell, while coal and other fossil emissions edged up; land-use removals slightly increased.
Historic Coal Emissions
Coal emissions were around 0.13 megatonnes CO2 in 2008 and rose quickly to roughly 0.45 megatonnes CO2 by 2010. They then declined gradually, reaching about 0.25 megatonnes CO2 in 2021, before rebounding sharply. Coal emissions reached their record high of around 0.51 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Oil Emissions
Oil emissions began at around 0.06 megatonnes CO2 in 1950 and rose to roughly 11.6 megatonnes CO2 by 1968, before falling sharply through the early 1970s. They grew strongly from the mid-1970s, peaking at about 22.5 megatonnes CO2 in 2009, then declined unevenly to around 8.1 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Gas Emissions
Gas emissions became material around 2009, at roughly 0.7 megatonnes CO2, and rose to a peak of about 2 megatonnes CO2 in 2013. They fell steeply after 2015, reaching around 0.04 megatonnes CO2 in 2017. Gas emissions then remained near that level, ending at roughly 0.04 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Land-use Emissions
Land-use was generally a net CO2 sink through the early decades, though it varied from a removal of roughly 1.5 megatonnes CO2 in 1959 to emissions of around 0.2 megatonnes CO2 in 1974. Emissions rose to a peak of about 3.1 megatonnes CO2 in 1992, then fell back into net removals, reaching around -0.15 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Historic Other Fossil Emissions
Other fossil emissions were near zero around 1950 and remained relatively small for several decades, although they reached roughly 0.7 megatonnes CO2 in the mid-1980s. They increased strongly after the early 1990s, peaking at about 3.6 megatonnes CO2 in 2007. After fluctuating and declining, they ended at around 1.5 megatonnes CO2 in 2024.
Background
The chart shows a national breakdown by source of the yearly CO2 emissions from human activities and processes expressed in megatonnes. It is critical to know and track the sources of national CO2 emissions in order to understand their individual impacts on climate change.
The sources of human CO2 emissions are
- CO2 From Fossil Fuels and Industry: coal, oil, gas combustion, other fossil processes
- CO2 From Land-Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
Coal, oil and gas combustion
Fossil fuel CO2 emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas are emitted by processes in electricity generation, transport, industry, and the building sector. All processes can be linked to human activities. Examples include driving cars with combustion engines burning diesel or gas, or electric cars charged by electricity from a power plant that burns coal.
Other fossil processes
Fossil CO2 emissions from other processes include sources like cement manufacturing and production of chemicals and fertilizers. Cement also has an absorption factor highlighted in the absorption breakdown chart.
Land-use change
Human civilization emits CO2 by changing and managing its land. Those emissions come, for example, from deforestation, logging, forest degradation, harvest activities and shifting agriculture cultivation. Land-use change also absorbs considerable amounts of CO2, which is shown in the absorption breakdown chart. Land-use change emits more than it absorbs, so the net effect is still emissions, but less than for coal, oil and gas.
Wikipedia: Greenhouse Gas EmissionsEarth System Science Data: GCP 2020 paper: Section 2.2 Land-use change; Section 2.1 Fossil fuel emissions
IPCC: Annual Report 6, 5.2.1.1 Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Units and Measures
CO2 emissions are expressed in the total weight in megatonnes per year. 1 Megatonne is equal to 1 million tonnes.
Wikipedia: MegatonneWikipedia: Global warming potential
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National CO2 emissions data through 2024 is from the Global Carbon Project and covers fossil sources and land-use change.
The Key Insights paragraph was created using a large language model (LLM) in combination with our data, historic events, and a structured approach for best accuracy by separating the context generation from the interpretation and narrative.
Data Sources
Global Carbon Budget 2025 Global Carbon Budget
Update cycle: yearlyDelay: ~ 10 months after the end of the year. Current year values are estimated and published in November.Credits: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Aas, K., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bellouin, N., Benoit-Cattin, A., Berghoff, C. F., Bernardello, R., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Collier, N. O., Colligan, T. H., Cronin, M., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Enright, M. P., Enyo, K., Erb, M., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Foster, A., Fransner, F., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Goncalves De Souza, J., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Guenet, B., Gürses, Ö., Harrington, K., Harris, I., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Ito, A., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A. K., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Kong, Y., Korsbakken, J. I., Koven, C., Kunimitsu, T., Lan, X., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Lo Monaco, C., Ma, L., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Melton, J., Monacci, N., Monier, E., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Müller, J. D., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nayagam, L. R., Niwa, Y., Nutzel, T., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Pan, N., Pandey, S., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Regnier, P. A. G., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T. M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Skjelvan, I., Smallman, T. L., Spada, V., Sreeush, M. G., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tian, X., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van Ooijen, E., van der Werf, G., van de Velde, S. J., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zeng, J.: Global Carbon Budget 2025, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-659, in review, 2025.